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 Basic Knowlede of paints
 
 How it is useful
 

            Paint is kind of a consumer product that its qualities are various according to the purposes and has influences in our daily life.  People usually understand that paints are for decorations like colors involve in styles of clothes and colors for interior designing.  In fact, paints have been used for several different aspects such as it helps to protect the surfaces from insects or ants, for weather resistance and rust resistance etc. In addition, colors are used as warning signal like those traffic lights and the signs for safety in the workplace and factories, etc.
 
            Some particular color can give warm feeling, some can make people feel aroused and some can make people to be more cautious, which we can say that colors are like a language that can express human’s feelings.
 

The advantages of paints
  1. Paint is applied to make the surface looks beautifully and easy to look after.
  2. It protects rust for metal and fungus for wood.
  3. Primer coating is useful for the first step, before applying the top coating.
  4. It helps repairing the surfaces from being scratch.
  5. It is moisture protection.
  6. It uses for decoration on the finishing product.
Good quality paints
  1. It must be easy to use, by brush or spray or any other kind of applications.
  2. It has a certain setting time and fast drying.
  3. It has strong adhesion and long lasting.
  4. It has high resistance to weather conditions and all purposes.
 
 1. What is paint?
 
            Paint is a substance in a form of liquid at the room temperature that will dry and transform itself into a thick film by touching the air or leaving at high temperature. Paints or colors are the important elements in decorating buildings and houses. It has a lot of influences on the society and is very much a part of daily-life of human beings. Choosing the color scheme is showing the preferences and emotions of human beings and has become an essential part in people’s life from time to time.

            Paints industries have entered an important role to the economy of the country by increasing more variety of products very rapidly. Not only the paints have used in housing, building or department stores, they also have been using in other industrial areas.

            Currently, the paints manufacturers produce various type of paint products (except for food coloring) such as plastic paints, emulsion paints, enamel paints, aluminum paints, rust-proof paints, marine paints and traffics paints etc. Most of them are small industries, there are only a few paints manufacturers that can produce a standard quality products which are acceptable in the market.

           From the past until nowadays, paints have been developing for the usage in many different materials. In the past the way of making colors used to be done mainly with the dyestuff. Later on, the developments have made the paints qualities to be more suitable for various purposes and it spreads the area of choosing the products widely and more specific to the need and usage and having high qualities as well.

           Nowadays, it can be said that we have higher quality paint products with stronger ability in protection than the past. And believe that there will be the development of various high quality products coming more in the future.
 
 2. Composition of paint
 

            Paint is a mixture of 4 groups of substances that is used for coating the surfaces of the objects for the decoration or the protection or for both uses: decorating and protecting spaces and surfaces.
 
Paint composes of :
  1. Binder(the connector or conductor) is mostly in a form of liquid or it can be modified into a liquid like a solution agent, suspension or by chemical reaction.
  2. Pigment is a solid substance that cannot be dissolved.
  3. Diluent solvent or thinner
  4. Additives improvement
 
 3. Paint qualification
 
  1. easy to use without having to have the proper tools and fast drying.
  2. provides beauty to all surfaces.
  3. building a stronger construction.
  4. increasing a flexibility.
  5. good adhesion and water proof.
 
 4. Purpose of paint
 
The paint production produces for the usage nowadays have been developed for the 3 main purposes.
  1. Decorative Function -  in decorating the buildings to brings the beauty and comfort to the space.
  2. Protective Function -  in protecting the surfaces from damaged by moisture or insects and keeping the objects long lasting.
  3. Decorative and Protective Function – paint products should have both qualifications.
 
 5. Surface preparation
 
            Careful surface preparation is an important factor in the successful painting process. Sanding procedure is also the key to a successful painting work. A proper sanding procedure should be done continually by using the sandpaper no.100, 120, 150, 180 and 240. It can be seen that between sandpaper no.100-180 is very important process as the range number of each step is under 40 and that the sandpaper number has to be suitable to the surface condition. For example, to use the fine sandpaper on the rough surface is not compatible because the rough grain surface will waste the sandpaper. Therefore, a good surface preparation before the painting application and using the proper sandpaper is necessarily recommended for increasing an efficiency work.
 
 6. Filler
 
            Filler is the substance applying on the surfaces to fill up the holes or cracks by brush or spray gun in order to have an even smooth surface. Filler will give a strength film and rub off easily and evenly the surface. In addition, the film is flexible and help increasing adhesion for the next layer.
 
 7. Sealer
 
            Sealer is used on the wood surfaces to stop the sticky substance from inside that can cause damages to the coating agent. Generally, to be applied by spray or brush and should have low viscosity.
            The advantages of the sealer:
 
  • It helps protecting the moisture passing through the wood.
  • It builds a strong adhesion between the material surfaces and the coating agent.
  • It helps preventing the blemishes occurred on the surfaces after the coating.
  • It strongly adheres to the surfaces.
 
 8. The variety of the coating products and their properties
 
1.  Nitrocellulose Lacquer
   
 

            Nitrocellulose Lacquer property has a strong film with the ability to resist the corrosion, waterproof, light alkalis and light acids. The hardness and corrosion resistance of Nitrocellulose comes from Nitro group with high dipole moment, also from Hydroxyl group that creates bonding chain in hydrogen. Nitrocellulose Lacquer is not suitable for outdoor work because its color turns yellowish and is easily flammable.
   
2.  Polyurethane
   
 

            Polyurethane forms by the reaction between Polyisocyanate and Polyol. It has a hard and flexible film that strongly resists to the scratches, good adhesion, solvency resistance and high resistant to weather condition.
   
3.  Acrylic Lacquer
   
 

            Acrylic Lacquer produces from Acrylic resin which is fast drying and easy to use. Its property has good sun protection with the non-yellowing film that is suitable for the white wood, bleached rubber wood etc. But the popularity of usage is less when comparing with Lacquer because of the higher price.
   
4.  Amino Alkyd Paint
   
 

            Urea resin is a surface coating substance that is the reaction between acid and amino alkyd. Its price is not so expensive in compare to its high percentage of solid, hardness, scratches and corrosion resistance. But it has strong smell of Formaldehyde and the hard film can easily crack if keeping in the oven. It has less disadvantages therefore it is quite popular used in furniture industries.
   
 Purpose of surface coating
 

            The purpose of color coating is to increase the beauty by nature of the wood itself. The coating process can make colors as desired and to protect the wood from the currently surrounding effects.

            Coating process will emphasize the new style of processing and modernized technology. It is also increasing the beautiful nature of wood to appear more clearly and the processing can provide more varieties of colors as well. Besides, surface coatings have a lot of advantages on making ordinary wood or other materials become more valuable and look like those expensive stuffs.

            To protect the wood from variety of solvency like water, Naptha and alcohol etc. is very necessary. The substance in the coating property must have a very strong resistant to all scratching and rubbing and have the ability of protections towards the rapid change of the moisture in the air.

 
 The advantages of the processing
 

            The modernize process of the coatings is not only making the beauty appearance and the ability of protections, but there are also many advantages like:
 
  • Speed  -  normally, there are so many steps of painting process.  New technology can do the job faster than by hand of the old way.
  • Working area  -  the faster process makes more capable on the production line, specially furniture, can reduce trouble of working in the small area.
  • Reduce labor  -  the modernize coating process using new equipment and technology can cut down the time and labor accordingly.
  • Production and quality control  -   production will be more stabilized and better quality control by the modernize system and less usage of workers due to the equipment are controlled by the system itself.
            At the beginning, it may take times as the workers may not familiar with the system that proceeds continually and quickly. The modern coating process will have many steps for coloring and adjustable through the whole processing. Adjusting colors in the new system is simple and quick and will make the smooth and beautiful surfaces on furniture production specially.
 
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